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  <h1>European-Descent Populations Around the World: A Country-by-Country Overview</h1>

  <p><em>Approximate shares of the population regarded as European or Caucasian in origin, in Europe and across the European diaspora.</em></p>

  <h2>Before You Read: A Note on the Numbers</h2>
  <p>Countries don’t measure this the same way. Some record <strong>race</strong> (the US, Brazil, South Africa), some record <strong>ethnicity</strong> (most of Central and Eastern Europe), some record <strong>ancestry</strong> (Australia), and some, like France, don’t collect the data at all. A few use <strong>citizenship</strong> or <strong>migration background</strong>.</p>
  <p>Treat every figure below as a rough ballpark, not a precise comparison. Where a figure is an estimate rather than an official count, it is marked with a tilde (~). For anything you plan to cite, check the latest national census or statistics office.</p>

  <h2>1. Europe</h2>
  <p>Most European states don’t classify people by race. The figures below are the share of the population of native European ethnic or national origin, usually the titular nation plus other European groups.</p>

  <h3>Western and Northern Europe</h3>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>United Kingdom:</strong> ~83% White (England and Wales ~81.7%, Scotland ~93%, Northern Ireland ~97%)</li>
    <li><strong>Ireland:</strong> ~87% White Irish or White Other</li>
    <li><strong>France:</strong> ~85% (estimate; racial data collection is prohibited)</li>
    <li><strong>Germany:</strong> ~86% (German or European origin)</li>
    <li><strong>Netherlands:</strong> ~75% Dutch or other European origin</li>
    <li><strong>Belgium:</strong> ~82% Belgian or European origin</li>
    <li><strong>Luxembourg:</strong> ~84% Luxembourgish or other European origin</li>
    <li><strong>Denmark:</strong> ~86% Danish or Nordic background</li>
    <li><strong>Sweden:</strong> ~80% Swedish or Nordic origin</li>
    <li><strong>Norway:</strong> ~83% Norwegian or European background</li>
    <li><strong>Finland:</strong> ~91% Finnish or Nordic background</li>
    <li><strong>Iceland:</strong> ~93% Icelandic or Scandinavian</li>
    <li><strong>Monaco:</strong> ~90% (Monegasque, French, Italian and other European)</li>
    <li><strong>Liechtenstein:</strong> ~89% Alemannic, German or other European</li>
    <li><strong>Andorra:</strong> ~95% (Andorran, Spanish, Portuguese, French)</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>Southern Europe</h3>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>Spain:</strong> ~88% Spanish or other European</li>
    <li><strong>Portugal:</strong> ~92% Portuguese or other European</li>
    <li><strong>Italy:</strong> ~92% Italian or other European</li>
    <li><strong>Greece:</strong> ~91% Greek or other European</li>
    <li><strong>Malta:</strong> ~95% Maltese or other European</li>
    <li><strong>San Marino:</strong> ~97% Sammarinese or Italian</li>
    <li><strong>Vatican City:</strong> Not meaningful as a percentage. The population consists mostly of non-resident clergy and guards of various nationalities.</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>Central and Eastern Europe</h3>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>Poland:</strong> ~97% Polish or other European</li>
    <li><strong>Czech Republic:</strong> ~90% Czech or Central European</li>
    <li><strong>Slovakia:</strong> ~81% Slovak (titular ethnicity; other European groups raise the total)</li>
    <li><strong>Hungary:</strong> ~85% Hungarian (titular ethnicity)</li>
    <li><strong>Austria:</strong> ~81% Austrian or German</li>
    <li><strong>Switzerland:</strong> ~90% or more of European background (about 70% hold Swiss nationality by birth or descent)</li>
    <li><strong>Romania:</strong> ~89% Romanian</li>
    <li><strong>Bulgaria:</strong> ~84% Bulgarian</li>
    <li><strong>Ukraine:</strong> ~95% or more European, counting Ukrainians (~92%) and Russians</li>
    <li><strong>Belarus:</strong> ~84% Belarusian and ~8% Russian (~98% total Slavic and European)</li>
    <li><strong>Lithuania:</strong> ~84% Lithuanian</li>
    <li><strong>Latvia:</strong> ~62% Latvian and ~24% Russian (~92% total European)</li>
    <li><strong>Estonia:</strong> ~69% Estonian and ~22% Russian (~93% total European)</li>
    <li><strong>Moldova:</strong> ~82% Moldovan or Romanian, ~6% Ukrainian, ~4% Russian</li>
    <li><strong>Russia:</strong> ~72% ethnic Russian (across the whole federation; other European groups add to this)</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>The Balkans</h3>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>Croatia:</strong> ~91% Croat</li>
    <li><strong>Serbia:</strong> ~83% Serb</li>
    <li><strong>Slovenia:</strong> ~83% Slovene (older census data)</li>
    <li><strong>Bosnia and Herzegovina:</strong> ~50% Bosniak, ~30% Serb, ~15% Croat (~98% South Slavic)</li>
    <li><strong>Albania:</strong> ~90% or more Albanian (a large share did not declare an ethnicity in 2011)</li>
    <li><strong>North Macedonia:</strong> ~58% Macedonian and ~24% Albanian (~85% total European)</li>
    <li><strong>Montenegro:</strong> ~41% Montenegrin and ~29% Serb (2023 census)</li>
    <li><strong>Kosovo:</strong> ~92% Albanian and ~4% Serb (~96% total European)</li>
  </ul>

  <h2>2. The Caucasus and Borderline Cases</h2>
  <p>“Caucasian” here is used in the traditional regional sense, and classification of these peoples is contested.</p>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>Georgia:</strong> ~86% Georgian</li>
    <li><strong>Armenia:</strong> ~98% Armenian</li>
    <li><strong>Cyprus:</strong> ~98% (Greek Cypriot in the south; Turkish Cypriot classification varies)</li>
    <li><strong>Kazakhstan:</strong> ~15% ethnic Russian or other European origin</li>
    <li><strong>Azerbaijan and Turkey:</strong> Omitted. Their majority populations are Turkic and are not generally classified as European in origin.</li>
  </ul>

  <h2>3. The Americas</h2>

  <h3>North America</h3>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>United States:</strong> ~58% White alone, non-Hispanic (2020 Census), and ~62% White alone including Hispanic self-identification</li>
    <li><strong>Canada:</strong> ~67% White or European origin</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>Latin America: High or Plurality European Origin</h3>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>Argentina:</strong> ~85% European descent (predominantly Italian and Spanish)</li>
    <li><strong>Uruguay:</strong> ~88% European descent</li>
    <li><strong>Brazil:</strong> ~43.5% White (self-identified), with a further ~45% Pardo (mixed)</li>
    <li><strong>Chile:</strong> ~52–60% European or mixed European descent</li>
    <li><strong>Costa Rica:</strong> ~82% (census category combines “white or mestizo”)</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>Latin America and the Caribbean: Significant Minorities and Mixed Ancestry</h3>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>Cuba:</strong> ~56% White (2022 census; the 2012 census reported 64%)</li>
    <li><strong>Puerto Rico:</strong> Highly method-dependent. About 17% identified as White alone in the 2020 Census, versus ~66% in earlier surveys, owing to how the race question was recoded.</li>
    <li><strong>Venezuela:</strong> ~43% White or European origin (estimate)</li>
    <li><strong>Colombia:</strong> ~20% European ancestry and ~49% Mestizo</li>
    <li><strong>Mexico:</strong> ~10–15% European origin and ~62% Mestizo</li>
    <li><strong>Peru:</strong> ~6% European origin and ~60% Mestizo</li>
    <li><strong>Paraguay:</strong> ~20% European descent (soft estimate) and ~75% Mestizo</li>
    <li><strong>Bolivia:</strong> ~5–12% European descent (soft estimate)</li>
    <li><strong>Ecuador:</strong> ~2% self-identified White (2022 census), with ~78% Mestizo</li>
    <li><strong>Dominican Republic:</strong> ~13–16% European descent and ~70% mixed</li>
    <li><strong>Guatemala:</strong> European descent is a small minority. The “Ladino” category (~56%) covers all non-Indigenous people, not only those of European descent.</li>
    <li><strong>Nicaragua:</strong> ~17% White or European descent</li>
    <li><strong>Panama:</strong> ~15% White or European descent (soft estimate)</li>
  </ul>

  <h2>4. Oceania and the Pacific</h2>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>Australia:</strong> ~72–76% European ancestry (British, Irish, Italian, German, Greek and others)</li>
    <li><strong>New Zealand:</strong> ~68% European, including Pākehā (2023 census)</li>
    <li><strong>New Caledonia (French territory):</strong> ~27% European (Caldoche and expatriates; older data)</li>
    <li><strong>French Polynesia (French territory):</strong> ~10–12% European or Demi (mixed)</li>
  </ul>

  <h2>5. Africa</h2>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>South Africa:</strong> ~7.3% White (Afrikaner and British descent)</li>
    <li><strong>Namibia:</strong> ~6% White (German and Afrikaner origin; soft estimate)</li>
    <li><strong>Zimbabwe:</strong> ~0.2% White</li>
    <li><strong>Mauritius:</strong> ~2% Franco-Mauritian</li>
    <li><strong>Réunion (French territory):</strong> ~25–30% of European or mixed origin (estimate)</li>
  </ul>

  <h2>6. Middle East and Asia</h2>
  <ul>
    <li><strong>Israel:</strong> Roughly 30–35% Jews of Ashkenazi or European origin, including Soviet-born (estimates vary widely)</li>
    <li><strong>United Arab Emirates:</strong> Low single digits, Western and European expatriates</li>
    <li><strong>Qatar:</strong> Low single digits, Western and European expatriates</li>
    <li><strong>Singapore:</strong> ~1–2% Western expatriates and permanent residents</li>
  </ul>

  <h2>Takeaways</h2>
  <p>Europe is overwhelmingly of European origin, with the lowest shares in the Netherlands, Sweden, Latvia and Estonia. Outside Europe, European-descent majorities or pluralities remain in Argentina, Uruguay, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Costa Rica, while the United States and Brazil are close to the middle. Elsewhere, shares range from large minorities in Chile, Cuba and Venezuela down to very small ones in southern Africa and the Gulf.</p>

  <p><small>Figures are approximate, drawn from national censuses and international demographic sources, and mix racial, ethnic and ancestry-based measures. Omitted territories include the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Martinique and the Falkland Islands.</small></p>
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