A.I. Physiological Models

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In biological research, the choice of a model organism is often dictated by the "experimental clock", the time it takes to see results. This is generally measured by generation time (how quickly you can produce a new cohort) and lifespan (for aging or long-term studies). {pre} Organism,Common Name,Generation Time,Average Lifespan,Typical Study Length C. elegans,Roundworm,3 Days,2–3 Weeks,1–4 Weeks D. melanogaster,Fruit Fly,10–14 Days,6–8 Weeks,2–8 Weeks Danio rerio,Zebrafish,3 Months,3–5 Years,1 Week (Embryo) to 6 Months Mus musculus,Mouse,8–10 Weeks,2–3 Years,3–24 Months Rattus norvegicus,Rat,10–12 Weeks,3 Years,3–24 Months {/pre} None of this is applicable to aging studies. Aging studies are the most time-consuming. Researching "anti-aging" compounds in mice takes years, which is why C. elegans is the primary model for initial discovery in the biology of aging. A.I. and purely computer phyiological models can improving bio-maker systems are essential. In biology, computer models that aim to replace or reduce the use of living organisms are collectively known as in silico models (literally meaning "in silicon"). These models use mathematical equations and algorithms to simulate biological processes that would otherwise happen inside a living creature. {pre} Method,Type,Replaces Which Organism?,Best For... PBPK Modeling,Mathematical,Mice/Rats (ADME studies),Predicting drug concentrations. Virtual Assay,Simulation,Guinea Pigs/Rabbits,Heart toxicity & arrhythmia. QSAR Models,Statistical/AI,Mice/Rats (Toxicity),Predicting if a chemical is toxic. Whole-Cell Models,Systems Bio,Bacteria/Yeast,Basic metabolic research. {/pre} The challenges, * Unknown Biology: We can only program what we already understand. If a biological pathway hasn't been discovered yet, the computer won't include it in the simulation. * Complexity: A computer can model a single cell perfectly, but modeling the interaction between a brain, a gut, and an immune system simultaneously requires more computing power and data than we currently have. Software used, {pre} Software,Primary Use Case,"""Real Life"" Method it Replaces" Simcyp,Virtual Clinical Trials,Large-scale animal and human PK trials. Schrödinger,Molecular Docking,High-throughput physical drug screening. GastroPlus,Absorption Modeling,"Rat/Dog oral absorption and ""ADME"" studies." Virtual Assay,Cardiac Toxicity,Guinea pig/Rabbit heart tissue experiments. {/pre} {br} {pre} Software,License,Primary Research Focus,Linux Support COPASI,Artistic,Metabolic & Biochemical pathways,Native (GUI & CLI) PK-Sim (OSP),GPLv2,Pharmacokinetics (Human/Animal),Engines & Scripting BioNetGen,MIT,Rule-based Signaling Networks,Native (CLI) CompuCell3D,MIT,Virtual Tissues & Organogenesis,Native (GUI) {/pre} Artifical intelligence can play the role of advancing the entire insilico process.
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