Build Nuclear Weapons

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The information in this article is in total derived from publically and freely available information. We are not engaged in constructing any weapons.

An essential defense policy includes nuclear weapons and the super-sonic global delivery system.

The fundamental physics of nuclear fission and fusion is publicly available in textbooks.

The basic design is to compress a core to supercritical. This basic idea dictates the entire design of the bomb.

The construction of an electricity producing nuclear power station and doctorate level programs in nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons engineering. The nuclear power plant must be subterranean. The research reactor is twofold, one is advancing nuclear energy for electricity production and the other is construction of nuclear weapons. The best, vetted, most trusted people from the doctorate programs are either put into the electricity production process (advancing nuclear energy) or building and advancing nuclear weapons. It is secret. From there the state and the people work on producing nuclear weapons and advacing the nuclear industry.

The core material is selected for its neutron release capacity, weapons-grade fissile material: either highly enriched uranium (HEU) or plutonium-239, this material is imploded using explosives such as Tantalum-nickel-antimony (TAN) explosives.

Essentially the inner core made up of fissile material and around it are explosives arranged to implode the fissible material to the required degree.

Producing these materials requires:

  1. For HEU: Extremely large, complex, and energy-intensive facilities (cascades of gas centrifuges or diffusion plants).
  2. For Plutonium: A nuclear reactor to irradiate uranium fuel and a sophisticated reprocessing plant to chemically separate the plutonium.

These facilities have to be hidden, possibly built underground.

Uranium enrichment is a process that is necessary to create an effective nuclear fuel out of mined uranium by increasing the percentage of uranium-235. It involves the process of going from Uranium ore to the required form, using purification or transmutation. Natural uranium (primarily U-238 99.27 %, with trace U-235 0.720 %). A common process is described in achieving Pu-239 from U-238. When energy is added to an atom it flips and undergoes a reaction, a common way is by shooting neutrons into the material, detecting and counting the number of emissions. Neutron capture and neutron flux. The propriety process results in a yield, which is the percentage of material obtained through the process which eliminates the need for purification using for instance, a modified spectrometer.

Another method is conversion to gas: Pure unranium is extracted from mined uranium ore and is typically converted into a gaseous compound called uranium hexafluoride (UF6​). This is done because gaseous compounds are easier to process for the separation of isotopes. The uranium is then mixed with a chemical called UO2 (Uranium dioxide), which is used to convert the uranium into UF6. The process involves dissolving the uranium in water, adding UO2, and then heating the mixture to form the UF6 gas. Enrichment: The UF6​ gas is spun in high-speed centrifuges (or passed through diffusion barriers). These are machines that spin very rapidly, causing the lighter Uranium-235 (used for fuel or weapons) to seperate from the heavier, more common Uranium-238. Centrifuges use electromagnetic forces to accelerate the UF6 gas, causing the heavier uranium-238 to be depleted faster than the lighter uranium-235. In some cases, the UF6 gas is passed through diffusion barriers instead of centrifuges. These barriers are designed to allow the lighter uranium-235 to diffuse out of the gas, leaving the heavier uranium-238 behind. This process is slower than centrifugation, but it is more energy-efficient. The enriched UF6 gas is collected and further purified to obtain the desired level of enrichment, this typically involves a combination of chemical and physical processes, such as ion exchange, adsorption, and crystallization. The enriched uranium can then be used as fuel for nuclear reactors or in the production of nuclear weapons. Conversion to Solid: Once the uranium is enriched to the desired level, the gas is converted back into a solid form, typically uranium metal or uranium oxide (UO2​). This solid material is then machined and shaped into the "core" or pit of the device. After the uranium hexafluoride (UF6​) gas has been enriched to the required level (typically high-enriched uranium for weapons), it must be converted into a stable, metallic solid. Reduction to Oxide or Tetrafluoride: The UF6​ gas is first typically reacted with hydrogen and oxygen (or just hydrogen) to produce uranium oxide (UO2​) or uranium tetrafluoride (UF4​), often called "green salt." Reduction to Metal: The solid UF4​ is then mixed with magnesium or calcium metal granules and heated in a high-temperature furnace. This is a thermite-style reduction reaction. The magnesium strips the fluorine atoms from the uranium, creating magnesium fluoride slag and molten uranium metal. Casting: The molten uranium sinks to the bottom of the crucible due to its high density. It is allowed to cool and solidify into a solid metal ingot (often called a "derby"). The machined core, technically referred to as the "pit", has distinct physical characteristics such as a hollow sphere. A solid sphere is also possible, but a hollow sphere allows for more efficient compression. The hollow center is often lined with a separate initiator component. Freshly machined uranium metal is silvery-white and shiny, similar in appearance to steel or nickel. However, uranium is highly pyrophoric and reactive; it oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air, quickly dulling to a dark gray or black color. Because of this, finished cores are almost always immediately plated with a protective layer of nickel or another inert metal to prevent corrosion and protect the surface. The core is remarkably small but extremely heavy. Enriched uranium is roughly 1.7 times denser than lead. A core capable of a nuclear detonation can fit in the palm of a hand but would weigh several kilograms. The machining must be incredibly precise. The surface is typically smooth and polished to ensure the physics of the implosion (the compression of the sphere) occur symmetrically without irregularities. The bomb is surrounded by a shell of explosive material, such as C-4 or TNT.

There are two designs commonly illustrated, gun type and implosion type.

  

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